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Diamonds are a mineral made of carbon that is crystallized. In fact diamonds are more than 99.95% pure carbon. The remaining 0.05 percent of the elements often influences the crystal's color and shape. Diamonds are also by far the hardest natural substance known to man. Diamonds form between 75 and 120 miles below the earth's surface. Only about 20% of all rough diamonds are suitable for polishing; the rest are used for industrial purposes.
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Regardless of the source, all diamonds eventually finds their way to the cutting centers. Today, the major cutting centers are Antwerp, Israel, Bombay, Johannesburg, and New York. Upon reaching its destination diamonds are carefully examined to decide how they should be cut to yield the greatest value. After the shape and size of the diamonds are determined, taking into consideration the rough's shape, as well as the number and position of its internal inclusions, the diamonds are marked and usually sawed or cleaved. Diamonds then goes through a series of cutters who each have their own specialty. Finally the diamonds are polished and ready for sale and ultimately to be given as a special gift for a very special person.
Diamonds are cut with several aspects that impact beauty:
The cut determines the sparkle and brilliance of diamonds. Properly cut diamonds will refract the light that enters diamonds and return it through the top to produce the much desired sparkle. The facet angles of diamonds have to be exactly right to effectively reflect the light back to your eye.
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